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What are the electrolytes of different types of batteries?
Release time:
2023-11-10 18:59
Electrolytes act as catalysts for conducting batteries by promoting the movement of ions from the cathode to the anode during charging and vice versa during discharge. Ions are charged atoms that lose or gain electrons, and the electrolyte of a battery is composed of soluble salts, acids, or other bases in liquid, gelled, and dry forms. Electrolytes also come from polymers such as solid-state batteries, solid-state ceramics, and polymers used in molten salts such as sodium sulfur batteries.
Lead-acid battery
Lead acid batteries use sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. During charging, as lead oxide (PbO2) forms on the positive electrode plate, the acid becomes denser and then becomes almost water upon complete discharge. Lead acid batteries have overflow and sealing forms, also known as valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) or maintenance free.
Sulfuric acid is colorless, slightly greenish yellow, soluble in water, and highly corrosive. Anodic corrosion or water entering the battery pack may rust, resulting in a yellowish color.
Lead acid batteries have different specific gravity (SG). Deep cycle batteries use dense electrolytes with SG up to 1.330 to achieve high specific energy. The average SG of entry-level batteries is about 1.265, while the SG of fixed batteries is lower, about 1.225, to mitigate corrosion and extend service life.
Sulfuric acid has a wide range of applications and can also be found in drainage pipe cleaners and various cleaning agents. It also provides services in mineral processing, mineral processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis.
Nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries
The electrolyte of nickel cadmium batteries is an alkaline electrolyte (potassium hydroxide). Most nickel cadmium batteries are cylindrical, with several layers of positive and negative electrode materials rolled into a jelly roll. Water-immersed nickel cadmium batteries are used as marine batteries for commercial aircraft, as well as UPS systems operating in cold and hot weather conditions that require frequent cycling. Nickel cadmium is more expensive than lead acid, but has a longer lifespan.
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